Women Leading the Struggle for Social Justice: Naveen Prasad Alex

[Naveen Prasad Alex’s short piece in Ala recounts the struggles of many women who rose above the social oppression that they suffered as members of the oppressed castes to lead struggles for social justice during the early twentieth century, often referred to as the ‘Malayali Renaissance’. In mainstream and feminist accounts of the social history of these times, greater visibility is often the privilege of women of the oppressor castes — especially those which renewed and refurbished their traditional sources of power and became part of the twentieth century Malayali new elites. This piece seeks to correct this bias, relying upon many important sources in Malayalam.]

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In Kerala’s present-day struggles for social justice, leaders like C.K. Janu and Seleena Prakkanam stand as powerful symbols of resistance, challenging systemic oppression and fighting for the rights of Dalit and Adivasi communities. Yet, their voices often remain sidelined. This ‘invisibilisation’ is not a recent phenomenon. Women have been at the forefront of many struggles for social justice during the Kerala Renaissance, but their contributions remain largely overshadowed in popular history. This essay shines a light on some such forgotten legacies, highlighting the leadership of women in the Kerala Renaissance while connecting their struggles to the ongoing fight for justice. By doing so, we challenge the narrow lens of history and honour the women who shaped Kerala’s social justice movements—past and present.

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Women Preachers of the PRDS: Kulakutti Maria

Translated by J Devika

[I prefer to use the term the Great Churning — van-kadayal in Malayalam — to represent social change during the period of the early twentieth century of Malayali society in general, and mahaaturavi — the Great Opening — instead of the term Navoddhanam — Renaissance — to characterize the great upsurge of the oppressed communities towards liberation — of the same time, treating them as analytically distinct.

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